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Pet Nutrition Knowledge Centre.

Science, regulation and product-development thinking for people building the next generation of pet nutrition.

Latest Articles

Evidence-based articles.

Every article cites its sources — regulations, agency notices and peer-reviewed studies — and is reviewed by our scientific team.

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33 articles
Process Guide
Formulation Science · 31 Oct 2026

How kibble is made: extrusion science from mash to bag

The eight steps from mash to bag, the process-variable table we use at the bench, an SME worked example and the failure points at scale-up.

Process Guide · 8 min readRead article →
Ingredient Spotlight
Ingredient Science · 31 Oct 2026

Starch in kibble: rice, corn, pea and tapioca compared

How rice, corn, pea and tapioca starch differ in kibble: amylose, expansion, digestibility and glucose response.

Ingredient Spotlight · 7 min readRead article →
Safety Alert
Pet Food Safety · Recall · 30 Oct 2026

Vitamin D toxicity in dogs: what FDA dog food recalls show and how formulation errors happen

Five FDA-recorded vitamin D episodes in US dog food, what each notice said, and the premix and testing controls that prevent them.

Safety Alert · 7 min readRead article →
Pet Food & Market Trends · 30 Oct 2026

Dog food brands in India: how Indian dog food labels compare with FEDIAF minimums

Label thresholds at three moisture levels, a five-step audit method and a spot check of three dry foods sold in India.

Market Trends · 7 min readRead article →
Method Guide
Formulation Science · 28 Oct 2026

Dry matter basis: how to compare pet food nutrient levels, with a worked calculation

The three-step dry matter calculation, a worked kibble-versus-can comparison and the energy check that should follow it.

Method Guide · 7 min readRead article →
Case Study
Dry Pet Food · Adult Dogs · 28 Oct 2026

Worked example: formulating an adult maintenance dog food to the FEDIAF nutritional guidelines

An illustrative adult dry dog food built from the FEDIAF nutrient profile to a label and feeding guide, with every nutrient checked per 1000 kcal in both adult columns.

Case study · Worked example, no clientRead case study →
Regulatory Guide
Regulatory · 24 Oct 2026

AAFCO nutrient profiles explained: how to read them, what changed and how they compare with FEDIAF

How to read the AAFCO dog and cat profiles and where FEDIAF meets and splits from them.

Regulatory Guide · 8 min readRead article →
Evidence Review
Nutrition Science · 23 Oct 2026

How much protein does a dog need? Graded evidence by life stage

AAFCO and FEDIAF protein minimums by life stage, and how strong the evidence is above them.

Evidence Review · 7 min readRead article →
Claims & Testing
Claims & Substantiation · 23 Oct 2026

“Formulated by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist”: what the claim proves and the evidence file behind it

Which credentials count, and the evidence file a brand needs before the claim goes on pack.

Claims & Testing · 7 min readRead article →
Ingredient Spotlight
Ingredient Science · 20 Oct 2026

Chicken meal vs fresh chicken: what the ingredient list does not tell you

Why chicken listed first can supply less protein than chicken meal listed third.

Ingredient Spotlight · 7 min readRead article →
Evidence Review
Pet Nutrition Science · 20 Oct 2026

Why 95% of homemade dog food recipes fall short: the Stockman 2013 study explained

The largest audit of homemade dog food recipes, its limits and what it means for brands.

Evidence Review · 7 min readRead article →
Formulation Science
Formulation Science · 17 Oct 2026

How to formulate a complete and balanced dog food: the formulator’s method

The six steps our formulators follow for every recipe, with a worked per-1000 kcal check.

Formulation Science · 7 min readRead article →
Ingredient Spotlight
Ingredient Science · 17 Oct 2026

Calcium and phosphorus in dog food: forms, ratios and limits

How formulators choose mineral sources, set the Ca:P ratio and stay inside puppy and cat limits.

Ingredient Spotlight · 7 min readRead article →
Safety Alert
Pet Food Safety · Recall · 4 Oct 2026

Recall: two powdered dog supplements withdrawn for possible Salmonella contamination

In September 2026, a US pet brand recalled one lot each of two powdered daily supplements for dogs after an ingredient supplied to its manufacturer tested positive for Salmonella.

Safety Alert · 6 min readRead article →
Evidence Review
Palatability · 3 Oct 2026

Palatants in dry and wet pet food: what a decade of studies shows

Palatants decide whether a well-formulated food is actually eaten.

Evidence Review · 9 min readRead article →
Method Guide
Formulation Science · 29 Sep 2026

Calculating metabolisable energy (ME) for pet food: methods and pitfalls

Every nutrient in a pet food is judged against its energy content, so the calorie number is the foundation of the whole formula.

Method Guide · 6 min readRead article →
Pet Food & Market Trends · 26 Sep 2026

Fresh, functional, premium: where pet food is growing in 2026

Owners are spending more and asking more — for proven health benefits, fresher formats and products made for their pet’s species.

Market Trends · 7 min readRead article →
Formulation Science
Formulation Science · 24 Sep 2026

Formulating for cats: taurine, arginine and vitamin A

Cats are obligate carnivores with nutrient needs that dogs do not share.

Formulation Science · 7 min readRead article →
Sustainability
Sustainability & Packaging · 22 Sep 2026

Carbon, packaging and proof: making sustainability claims that stand up

Sustainability claims are everywhere on pet food packs — but regulators and buyers now expect evidence.

Sustainability · 6 min readRead article →
Launch Guide
Launch Guides · 19 Sep 2026

From idea to pilot batch: a founder’s 10 steps

Launching a pet food brand takes more than a good recipe.

Launch Guide · 8 min readRead article →
Safety Alert
Pet Food Safety · 15 Sep 2026

H5N1 and raw pet food: what FDA’s food-safety-plan requirement means

Since January 2025, US manufacturers of cat and dog food made with uncooked poultry or cattle materials must address H5N1 avian influenza in their food safety plans.

Safety Alert · 6 min readRead article →
Regulatory Update
Regulatory · 12 Sep 2026

AAFCO label modernization: what the Pet Nutrition Facts box means for your pack

AAFCO’s new model regulations replace the familiar guaranteed analysis with a Pet Nutrition Facts box and move the intended use to the front of the pack.

Regulatory Update · 7 min readRead article →
Evidence Review
Pet Nutrition Science · 10 Sep 2026

Grain-free diets and DCM in 2026: what the evidence says

Eight years after FDA first raised concerns, the link between certain diets and canine dilated cardiomyopathy is still not fully explained.

Evidence Review · 8 min readRead article →
Ingredient Spotlight
Ingredient Science · 8 Sep 2026

Insect and cultivated proteins: formulating with novel ingredients

Insect meals are now established in European pet food, and the first cultivated-meat pet treat went on sale in the UK in 2025.

Ingredient Spotlight · 7 min readRead article →
Method Guide
Palatability · 5 Sep 2026

Expert panel or in-home panel? Choosing the right palatability study

The right palatability study depends on the question you need answered.

Method Guide · 6 min readRead article →
Market Guide
Regulatory · 3 Sep 2026

Selling pet food in India, the US, EU, UK and Australia: a comparison

Five markets, five regulatory models — from state-enforced model rules in the US to voluntary standards in India and Australia.

Market Guide · 8 min readRead article →
Safety Alert
Pet Food Safety · Recall · 28 Aug 2026

Recall: two frozen raw chicken diets for cats and dogs withdrawn after FDA testing found Salmonella and Listeria

In August 2026, a US raw pet food maker recalled one lot each of a frozen raw chicken diet for cats and one for dogs after FDA sampling found Salmonella, and in the dog food also Listeria monocytogenes.

Safety Alert · 6 min readRead article →
Safety Alert
Pet Food Safety · Recall · 26 Aug 2026

Recall: kitten milk replacers withdrawn for low levels of essential vitamins and minerals

In August 2026, a US animal health company recalled six kitten milk replacer products sold under two brands after testing found potassium, copper, folic acid, choline and vitamin B6 below intended levels.

Safety Alert · 6 min readRead article →
Case Study
Pet Supplements · Dogs & Cats · 3 Oct 2026

A daily synbiotic gut-health supplement for dogs and cats of all ages

A pet supplement brand asked Guires PNL to develop one daily probiotic supplement that supports digestion, nutrient absorption and overall wellbeing for both dogs and cats, at every life stage..

Case study · Client requirement, challenges and solutionRead case study →
Case Study
Dry Pet Food · Adult Dogs · 3 Oct 2026

Reverse engineering a premium dry food for medium-sized adult dogs

A pet food brand asked Guires PNL to deformulate a premium dry food for medium-sized adult dogs and rebuild it as their own complete and balanced recipe — matching its nutrient profile and its positioning for active, healthy dogs..

Case study · Client requirement, challenges and solutionRead case study →
Case Study
Wet & Retort · Adult Dogs · 5 Oct 2026

Rescuing a premium wet dog food launch after repeated retort failures

A premium Indian pet food brand’s chicken-and-vegetable wet diet failed three production trials in a row after sterilisation.

Case study · Client requirement, challenges and solutionRead case study →
Case Study
Dry Pet Food · Reformulation · 5 Oct 2026

Reformulating a bestselling dry dog food to clean label — without losing palatability

An established Indian pet food brand asked Guires PNL to convert its top-selling adult dry dog food to a clean-label recipe — no artificial preservatives, colours or flavours — with equal palatability, an acceptable shelf life and an unchanged shelf price..

Case study · Client requirement, challenges and solutionRead case study →
Case Study
Fresh Pet Food · Start-up Brand · 5 Oct 2026

From kitchen recipe to 5,000-unit production: scaling a fresh dog food brand in 90 days

A first-time founder had a gently cooked dog food recipe customers wanted to buy — but the contract manufacturer’s first run failed.

Case study · Client requirement, challenges and solutionRead case study →
Client Case Studies

Real projects. Measurable results.

How Guires PNL took client briefs from requirement to result — the challenges, the science and what each client received. Client names are withheld unless shared with permission.

A daily synbiotic gut-health supplement for dogs and cats of all agesimages/case-probiotic-gut-balance.jpg · 1600×900
Pet Supplements · Dogs & Cats

A daily synbiotic gut-health supplement for dogs and cats of all ages

A pet supplement brand asked Guires PNL to develop one daily probiotic supplement that supports digestion, nutrient absorption and overall wellbeing for both dogs and cats, at every life stage.

Read the case study →
Reverse engineering a premium dry food for medium-sized adult dogsimages/case-dry-dog-food-benchmark.jpg · 1600×900
Dry Pet Food · Adult Dogs

Reverse engineering a premium dry food for medium-sized adult dogs

A pet food brand asked Guires PNL to deformulate a premium dry food for medium-sized adult dogs and rebuild it as their own complete and balanced recipe — matching its nutrient profile and its positioning for active, healthy dogs.

Read the case study →
Rescuing a premium wet dog food launch after repeated retort failuresimages/pd-wet.jpg · 1600×900
Wet & Retort · Adult Dogs

Rescuing a premium wet dog food launch after repeated retort failures

A premium Indian pet food brand’s chicken-and-vegetable wet diet failed three production trials in a row after sterilisation. Guires PNL traced the cause to the formulation, not the retort, and validated a fix the manufacturer could run on its existing line.

Read the case study →
Reformulating a bestselling dry dog food to clean label — without losing palatabilityimages/pd-dry.jpg · 1600×900
Dry Pet Food · Reformulation

Reformulating a bestselling dry dog food to clean label — without losing palatability

An established Indian pet food brand asked Guires PNL to convert its top-selling adult dry dog food to a clean-label recipe — no artificial preservatives, colours or flavours — with equal palatability, an acceptable shelf life and an unchanged shelf price.

Read the case study →
From kitchen recipe to 5,000-unit production: scaling a fresh dog food brand in 90 daysimages/pd-fresh.jpg · 1600×900
Fresh Pet Food · Start-up Brand

From kitchen recipe to 5,000-unit production: scaling a fresh dog food brand in 90 days

A first-time founder had a gently cooked dog food recipe customers wanted to buy — but the contract manufacturer’s first run failed. Guires PNL took the recipe through nutrient analysis, reformulation, pilot processing, testing, labelling and tech transfer to a first production batch in 90 days.

Read the case study →
Insight Series

Ten series, one goal: better products.

Regular series on rules, research, safety, ingredients and launches — written by our scientists for product teams.

Insight series Soon

Inside the Lab

Project diaries: what our scientists worked on, learned and solved

  • First entries are being written by our project teams.
Get notified →
Insight series 3

Regulations

Rule changes, market by market

  • AAFCO nutrient profiles explained: how to read them, what changed and how they compare with FEDIAF
  • AAFCO label modernization: what the Pet Nutrition Facts box means for your pack
  • Selling pet food in India, the US, EU, UK and Australia: a comparison
Read the articles →
Insight series 2

Pet Food & Market Trends

What owners buy, and why

  • Dog food brands in India: how Indian dog food labels compare with FEDIAF minimums
  • Fresh, functional, premium: where pet food is growing in 2026
Read the articles →
Insight series 3

Latest Research

New studies, explained

  • Why 95% of homemade dog food recipes fall short: the Stockman 2013 study explained
  • Grain-free diets and DCM in 2026: what the evidence says
  • Palatants in dry and wet pet food: what a decade of studies shows
Read the articles →
Insight series 5

Recalls & Safety Alerts

Recalls and lessons for brands

  • Vitamin D toxicity in dogs: what FDA dog food recalls show and how formulation errors happen
  • H5N1 and raw pet food: what FDA’s food-safety-plan requirement means
  • Recall: two powdered dog supplements withdrawn for possible Salmonella contamination
  • Recall: two frozen raw chicken diets for cats and dogs withdrawn after FDA testing found Salmonella and Listeria
  • Recall: kitten milk replacers withdrawn for low levels of essential vitamins and minerals
Read the articles →
Insight series 4

Ingredient Spotlight

One ingredient, in depth

  • Starch in kibble: rice, corn, pea and tapioca compared
  • Chicken meal vs fresh chicken: what the ingredient list does not tell you
  • Calcium and phosphorus in dog food: forms, ratios and limits
  • Insect and cultivated proteins: formulating with novel ingredients
Read the articles →
Insight series 2

Claims & Testing

Proving what goes on pack

  • “Formulated by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist”: what the claim proves and the evidence file behind it
  • Expert panel or in-home panel? Choosing the right palatability study
Read the articles →
Insight series 6

Formulation Science

The nutrition behind products

  • How kibble is made: extrusion science from mash to bag
  • Dry matter basis: how to compare pet food nutrient levels, with a worked calculation
  • How much protein does a dog need? Graded evidence by life stage
  • How to formulate a complete and balanced dog food: the formulator’s method
  • Calculating metabolisable energy (ME) for pet food: methods and pitfalls
  • Formulating for cats: taurine, arginine and vitamin A
Read the articles →
Insight series 1

Sustainability & Packaging

Greener formulas and packs

  • Carbon, packaging and proof: making sustainability claims that stand up
Read the article →
Insight series 1

Launch Guides

How-tos for founders

  • From idea to pilot batch: a founder’s 10 steps
Read the article →
Resources & Guides

Free practical guides for product teams.

Checklists and development guides from our formulation, testing and regulatory teams. Enter your business email to download.

Pet Food Product Development ChecklistGet guide
Pet Supplement Development GuideGet guide
Pet Food Testing ChecklistGet guide
Pet Food Label ChecklistGet guide
Pet Product Commercialisation GuideGet guide
Wet Pet Food Development GuideGet guide
Pet Food Shelf-Life GuideGet guide
Launch Timeline Estimator

How long could your launch take?

Pick your options for an indicative timeline, based on the typical industry ranges published on this site.

Indicative timeline to launch-ready—

Estimate only, from typical ranges (formulation 6–12 weeks; testing 1–3; palatability 2–4; accelerated shelf life 3–6 months; AAFCO adult trial at least 26 weeks plus reporting; label review 1–2 weeks per market). Pilot-batch timing is agreed with you. Your proposal confirms exact dates.

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Regulatory Watch Newsletter

Rule changes and new research, once a month.

AAFCO, FDA, FEDIAF, FSSAI and more — summarised for product teams.

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FEDIAFAAFCO

Every Guires PNL product is formulated to comply with the FEDIAF Nutritional Guidelines and the AAFCO Dog and Cat Food Nutrient Profiles. Neither body issues certificates to manufacturers, so compliance is verified independently against their published standards — and every product comes with a complete documentation package for regulatory submissions in the EU, US, Australia and Asian markets.

How we verify compliance →
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